Membrane bioreactors utilizing hollow fiber membranes have gained traction as a powerful technology for various biotechnological applications. These systems present distinct advantages such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article presents a comprehensive review of hollow fiber membr

The wastewater treatment sector is facing a crucial challenge: efficiently treating ever-increasing volumes of effluent while minimizing environmental impact. Mabr module technology presents a revolutionary solution to this complex problem, offering a sustainable method for improving wastewater treatment processes. These modules harness cutting-edg